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Fundamentals of a Research Paper Free Essays

In this paper, am going to discuss the different types of research, provide examples f what sort of study is appropriate for each type of research and I will also discuss how these types of research can be used in the human services field. Scientific Research Method What Is the scientific research method? I had to ask myself this question several times before I came to the conclusion of what Is actually Is. There are SIX steps In the scientific research method that will help you get to the bottom of your research with a proven conclusion versus a conclusion that is based solely on a hunch. We will write a custom essay sample on Fundamentals of a Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to chapter 1 in our reading, scientific research means to embrace all branches of science; the applications of this approach vary from one research discipline to another. Researchers in disciplines as varied as psychology, biomedicine, business, education, communication, economics, sociology, anthropology, physics, biology, and chemistry all use some variation of this approach. (Orison, 2008, Para. 1) There are six steps to scientific research these include these steps Include (1) stating what the problem is. By discovering what the problem is then you can go to step (2). Gather information, it is very important to gather the appropriate information needed to (3) come to a hypothesis. After you come to a hypothesis then you will need to (4) test your theory. (5) After you are done testing your theory you will need to analyze your data that you have taken. It Is very important to follow these steps otherwise you may come to an Incomplete conclusion In the data you are researching. Quantitative and Qualitative Research Quantitative research is a type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study; asks specific, narrow questions; collects quantifiable data from participants; analyzes these numbers using statistics; and conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, objective manner. Qualitative research is a type of educational research in which the researcher relies on the views of participants; asks broad, general questions; collects data consisting largely of words (or text) from participants; describes and analyzes these words for themes; and conducts the inquiry in a subjective, biased manner. Quantitative research began in the late 19th century and dominated educational inquiry for most of the 20th century (see De Lancashire, 1988, and Traverse, 1992, for an expanded discussion). It is remarkable how similar quantitative research is today with its beginnings during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. I en Minimal Ideas Tort quantitative research came Trot ten Pensacola silences, such as physics and chemistry. Just as atoms and molecules were subject to predictable laws and axioms, so also were patterns of children’s behaviors in schools. Following this line of logic, early quantitative researchers began identifying educational patterns by assessing or measuring individual abilities, collecting scores (or numbers) from individuals, and employing procedures of psychological experiments and large-scale surveys. In the history of the development of quantitative research, three historical trends are present: statistical procedures, test ND measurement practices, and research designs. Today, qualitative research presents an alternative to the traditional form of quantitative research. However, its historical use in education is more recent than that of quantitative research. The ideas for qualitative research developed in the late sass and early sass in fields other than education. For example, qualitative studies of the poor in Great Britain and Europe, anthropological reports about indigenous cultures, and the fieldwork of sociologists in inner-city Chicago and with immigrants all appear in social science search up through the sass and sass (Bogged ; Bikini, 1998). There are several different ways that both of these research types can be used in human services. The first can be used to track statistics for demographic purposes, this could be helpful if you are writing a grant or applying for some type of business loan. Qualitative research can be used when you are trying to see what kinds of human service needs are necessary in a particular region. Conclusion There are different ways to do research, these include the scientific ways meaning you follow the six steps to come to a conclusion and test your theory to make sure hat it works for you. How to cite Fundamentals of a Research Paper, Essays

Emergency Procedures For Hospitality Organisations †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Emergency Procedures For Hospitality Organisations. Answer: The Paris attack occurred on the 13th of November in the year 2015 and the act of terrorism shook France to the core. It occurred in the November 13th. The world almost stopped for France when the city of Paris was attacked as it was the heart of the France. The maximum amount of sufferers of the country was the tourists that stayed in the hotels of Paris. Almost 130 people lost their life on account of the Paris attack (Bbc.com, 2017). This incident brought great changes in the legislation of France. The French parliament has overwhelmingly approved the sweeping new surveillance powers in the wake of the terrorist attacks in Paris. The French president convened the Council of ministers on Saturday during the evening of 13 November. The first and foremost legislative change that occurred soon after the attack was that the state was declared under the emergency situation. The mobilization of police forces, the gendarmerie and soldiers continues to be deployed within three days. The bo rder controls were restored by the president (Iacobucci and Toope 2015). There were some legislative changes that occurred after the attack. This included the warrantless house searches are authorized night and day, unless the house is occupied by a lawyer or a Member of Parliament. This authority was granted by the Home Affairs minister or the Perfect of a region. The law included that the prosecutors will be notified without further delay (Henderson et al. 2010). Soon after the attack the warrantless searches of the electronic devices were authorized. It was designed so that the data can be accessed and copied by the enforcement of the law. The legislative change was brought in the decision of the government who had the right to dissolve groups or associations that actively participates in the execution of the acts that represents a serious infringement to the public order or the activities of whom facilitate or incite the execution of such acts (Ortmeier 2017). The next change that was brought was the law was reinforced where the step was taken to allow the concerned authorities to block the websites that promoted the act of terrorism, without the intervention of a judge. There was an enforcement of anti-terrorism law. The biggest change was brought when the French President announced the proposal to modify the French constitution (Paraskevas 2013). However the incident abused the fundamental rights and there was lot of impacts on the Muslims in France. They are at a high risk of stigmatization and having their social links broken down. The changes claimed the nation to be much more triumph democracy (Nytimes.com, 2017). The changes brought in the democracy made the situations for the tourists much better and they were formed with the aim of improving the condition of the tourists as well as the inhabitants better. The changes were implemented from the January attack itself. The legislative changes in Paris were remarkable and they had a great impact in the running of the government smoothly (Groenenboom and Jones 2003). The aim of the formation of the acts was to bring the nation out of the threat of the future terrorists attacks (Wilks, Stephen and Moore 2013). Annotated bibliography 'Hotel safety and security systems: bridging the gap between managers and guests', International Journal of Hospitality Management, March, no. 32, pp. 202216 Mest, CE (2015) The following journal article includes the matter of safety and security of the guests of any hotel. The safety and security are always considered to be the most important factors for any hotel. The owners of the hotel usually follow the local regulations while designing the safety and security of the hotel. The article includes the fact that the gap between the hotel safety and security`s managers` and hotel guests` perceptions of the relative importance of safety and security facilities. It includes two sets of questionnaires that have been designed for the managers and the guests. The questionnaires are about the attributes that were used to gauge the respondent`s perceptions of different hotel safety and security system installations. The findings revealed that the guests perceive the well-equipped fire prevention systems in accordance with the local regulations. It was referred as an emergency plan. On the contrary the managers of the hotel perceive the close-circuit television systems for the public areas of the hotel. The final results included a fine matching between the two thoughts. However the end of the article concluded with the fact that the managers must understand the expectations of the guests. The gap addition includes the study that discusses the importance of the staff security and security training. It also includes the acceptance of the high-tech safety and security systems and the necessity of female guest floors and provides a huge number of insights to help the hotel managers to better understand the need of the customers which in return allows the mangers to employ measures that are likely to keep the satisfaction of the customers (Woo 2015). According to Chan and Lam (2013), it is the duty of the hotel and hospitality sector to ensure that the people visiting the places are safe from any type of mistreatment. Customers visit these places in order to relax, enjoy and spend quality time trying to understand the place. However, in the modern days, it is seen that the threat of terrorist attacks has dampened the spirits of the people in visiting different places. Terrorist attacks have become a sudden trend in most countries particularly due to the cold war that exists between certain countries over political reasons. Hence, common people find it difficult to lead a healthy life without any fear of terrorist activities. The advent of the Paris attacks in November 2015 has resulted in the rise of such a fear among the people. As such many hotels and restaurants have increased the security level in order to protect the safeguard of the customers. Understanding the source of the attacks is one of the major points that need to be followed. Terrorists may attack from different sources that are unpredictable to the normal people. However, it is not always possible for every person to analyse and improve security in every place. Hence, the basic protocols need to be followed in order to mitigate the threat of the terrorists. As stated by Paraskevas (2013) the Paris attack had a huge negative impact on the hotels of not only in France but also around the world. Following the attack, hotels around Paris had received about 300 cancellations. The effect of the attack lasted for over a year during which many people and sportsmen had refused to travel to Paris due to security concerns. This was a big blow for France as the economic condition of the country also depleted. The hospitality sectors ran at a loss due to lack of customers. It has been seen that some hotels managed to tighten security in order to ensure that customers find it safe to visit the places. A reputed hotel in London, Troxy, increased the number of security by increasing bag searches to feel the guests as safe. Discussions were made with clients and promoters in order to increase the security by arranging hidden cameras within the premises of the hotels. The optimism factor is that despite the international event, UK did not get affected by lack of tourism. Major tournaments or events did not get cancelled due to the effects of the Paris attack. A multi-agency approach can be considered that works with security team as well as the police in safeguarding the interests of the public. However, it is to be kept in mind that due to the excess security concerns, the ethical consent of the people is not compromised. Wilks, Stephen and Moore (2013) were of the opinion that searching people without proper reason can be considered as a breach of ethical condition. Apart from this stereotyping people on the basis of race, colour and ethnic background are also considered non-ethical behaviour. It is not a hidden fact that a certain ethnic group is considered as the creators of any terrorist activity in every part of the world (Enz and Taylor 2002). Hence, it is to be noted that such stereotype may bring about problems in the hotels while attracting customers. Reports have suggested that following the attack organisations in France have led to the sacking of Muslim workers for maintaining the tradition of the religion. This is a breach of ethical code at a workplace as under no such circumstance employees can be laid off. The fact that such ethnic discrimination has not occurred in the hospitality sector with the customers have been a positive factor among the terror of terrorism (Ortmeier 2017). Hence, it can be concluded that international events such as Paris attack by terrorists cause a great deal of imbalance in the daily lives of people. New laws and legislation related to the travelling from one country to another are formed along with the revision of political connection. Business and economic factors get affected due to such events as people fear about a victim to the affairs. Hence, increasing the security keeping in mind the ethical culture of a country or organisation need to be undertaken in order to ensure such activities can be mitigated in the future. References Bbc.com (2017).Paris attacks: Who were the victims?. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34821813 [Accessed 27 Nov. 2017]. Berezina, K., Cobanoglu, C., Miller, B.L. and Kwansa, F.A., 2012. The impact of information security breach on hotel guest perception of service quality, satisfaction, revisit intentions and word-of-mouth.International journal of contemporary hospitality management,24(7), pp.991-1010. Chan, E.S. and Lam, D., 2013. Hotel safety and security systems: Bridging the gap between managers and guests.International Journal of Hospitality Management,32, pp.202-216. Didier, B. and Guild, E., 2015.The EU Counter-Terrorism Policy Responses to the Attacks in Paris. Towards an EU Security and Liberty Agenda. Brussel: CEPS. Enz, C.A. and Taylor, M.S., 2002. The safety and security of US hotels a post-September-11 report.The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,43(5), pp.119-136. Gravili, S. and Rosato, P., 2017. Italys Image as a Tourism Destination in the Chinese Leisure Traveler Market.International Journal ofMarketing Studies,9(5), p.28. Groenenboom, K. and Jones, P., 2003. Issues of security in hotels.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,15(1), pp.14-19. Hassanain, M.A., 2009. Approaches to qualitative fire safety risk assessment in hotel facilities.Structural Survey,27(4), pp.287-300.Marketing Henderson, J., Shufen, C., Huifen, L. and Xiang, L.L., 2010. Tourism and terrorism: A hotel industry perspective.Journal of Tourism, Hospitality Culinary Arts,2(1), pp.33-46. Iacobucci, E.M. and Toope, S.J. eds., 2015.After the Paris Attacks: Responses in Canada, Europe, and Around the Globe. University of Toronto Press. Nytimes.com. (2017).Attacks in Paris. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/news-event/attacks-in-paris [Accessed 27 Nov. 2017]. Ortmeier, P.J., 2017.Introduction to Security. Pearson. Paraskevas, A 2013 Aligning strategy to threat: a baseline anti?terrorism strategy for hotels, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 140162 Wilks, J., Stephen, J. and Moore, F. eds., 2013.Managing tourist health and safety in the new millennium. Routledge. Woo, G., 2015. Understanding the Principles of Terrorism Risk Modeling from Charlie Hebdo Attack in Paris.Defence Against Terrorism Review,7(1).

Process Analysis and Problem Solving

Introduction The level of competition in different industries in which organizations operate today is high and calls for increased competitiveness. In order to improve the competitiveness, firms could engage in different firm activities that may include process improvement.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Process Analysis and Problem Solving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This may call for analysis of the problem and seeking different ways of solving the issues. In order to improve business processes, an organization needs to have the necessary knowledge and expertise. The business process could be attained through establishment of change such as business process reengineering. In spite of the good intentions of the changes, there is always resistance to change that could lead to project failure as examined in this paper. In addition, this paper examines reengineering as an example of process improveme nt in organizations. History of Process Improvement Change is a constant element in organizations given the dynamic business environment that firms operate in. Organizations operate in many business environments that are characterised by free entry and exit, increasing competition and technological advancement. In order for organizations to maintain their competitiveness, they need to embrace change and improve their manufacturing processes, service delivery and operations. Process improvement has occurred in firms over many years. Over many years, quality improvement in firms was done using regular inspection and changed over time to total quality management and the modern six sigma approach. Process improvement concept was first used by Harrington James in 1991 when he published in his book on process improvement. The method involves redesigning and reengineering business process in order to improve quality of an organization’s output while gaining a competitive edge at the same time.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since its introduction, process improvement has been able to be applied in many firms. The application of information technology in the process is a vital ingredient that will revolutionalize the future of process improvement in firms. Process Improvement in Firms The improvement of business processes in an organization has not been smooth for most firms. As the management of an organization introduces change in the company, there is always resistance to change with most employees opting to remain with the current processes of the firm. Reengineering According to Hammer Champy (2000, p. 2), process improvement in organization requires reengineering, which is defined as the ability of an organization to disregards all its assumptions and traditional way of doing business and instead developing and adopting a new process ce ntred business organization. The adopted new process should help an organization improve its performance. In order to achieve the required process reengineering for an organization, an organization needs to adopt a fresh perspective and approach. In order to acquire change through process reengineering, it is necessary that an organization rethink and establish radical redesigning of its processes in order to generate the required dramatic improvements. The process could be well illustrated in the figure below. As indicated in the above diagram, Hammer Champy (2000, p. 3) notes that reengineering requires starting over for an organization. In order for an organization to succeed in the modern environment, there is need for its processes to be fast, of high quality, flexible and of low cost.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Process Analysis and Problem Solving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The initia l phases of organizational change began long time ago with Adam Smith who proposed labour specialization, followed by establishment of infrastructure, the assembly line and hierarchical structure of the firm. In spite of the importance of these principles, their application in the modern business environment could result in delays, rigidity and high overhead costs in the production process. The first step of reengineering begins with the focus on the fundamentals of the company. The fundamentals of an organization relate to the main activities of the firm, why they are done the way they are and the tacit rules and assumptions of present activities. According to Hammer Champy (2000, p. 4), reengineering concentrates on what ought to be or should be done and ignores what is done. The radical redesign phase is concerned with the reinvention of the organization. This does not involve making of superficial changes or marginal enhancements to the firm but changes and designs that enhance new features of the organization. The potential dramatic result is the phase that the firm realizes the outcome of reengineering. According to Piderit (2000), reengineering leads to quantum leaps in the performance of an organization rather than incremental improvements. Business process orientation involves evolving of the firm around its business processes. The processes undertake inputs in order to generate valuable outputs to the customer. In order for a business process to work, it must produce added value rather than internal activity.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Various organizations could undertake the reengineering process. According to Revilak et al. (2007, p. 56), companies that operate in a competitive industry could undertake reengineering to increase their competitive advantage. Other sets of companies are those whose management could realize approaching issues along their paths of operation. The third sets of organizations are those that have ambitious management teams that perceive reengineering as a means of achieving market dominance and leadership. Process improvement of an organization through reengineering is characterised by various features. To begin with, the processes that an organization uses to perform its operations are simplified with the description of jobs being expanded to become multidimensional. Introduction of change in an organization increases employee autonomy and empowerment with power distance in the organization being reduced. Employees work as teams with group work and cooperation being enhanced. As the ma nagement of the organization adopts a flatter arrangement from a hierarchical structure, professionals within the firm become the key personnel to steer change. Employees are motivated to work for the firm and the measurement for performance of employees moves from activities to outcome of each employee. The managers no longer act as supervisors but coaches that help employees attain their maximum potential. Lastly, the organization and employees do not focus on pleasing the management but the end user of products and services, the customer (Hammer Champy 2000, p. 8). Change in organizations can be in different forms. Incremental or first order changes are minor changes that alter small aspects of the firm while leaving the general business environment the same. Transformational or strategic changes in organizations aim at changing the entire business framework of a firm. Change Management Process In order to apply the required change, an organization needs to identify the problem it is facing in order to find and develop the best solution to the problems. According to Brown Kusiak (2007), lack of proper diagnosis of the problem could lead to implementation of the wrong process in the organization. The outcome could worsen performance rather than improve the performance of the organization. The problem identification process involves various steps as outlined below. Problem Identification Organizations face many issues some of which are complex while others are simple. The identification of problems of the firm needs to be followed by prioritizing the issues so that the company can make decision on which issues to be solved first. Symptoms: the establishing of the issues affecting the organization needs to be followed by diagnosing the features or symptoms of the problem. The symptoms of the problems of the firm should be distinguished from the causes of the problem. According to Brown Kusiak (2007), business analysts usually hear many issues affecting the firm and they give many solutions. It is important that the firm does not ignore any solution given. However, the solution provided should be argued out with the management of an organization in order to establish its effectiveness (Boeker 1997, p. 155). Alternatives: after serious analysis of a given situation in an organization and hearing possible solutions from a business analyst, it is important that the organization develops alternatives for its problems. The approaches that could solve the problem of an organization could come with different consequences and costs that make it necessary for the management to discuss each alternative exclusively. After discussion of each alternative, it is important that the management makes a decision regarding the best solution to fix its issues. The decision should be based on the best approach that solves the problem affecting the firm while leaving it with the least negative effects. The decision made should be followed by implementation and follow up of the effectiveness of the approach. According to Brown Kusiak (2007), follow up is important for organization to ensure that the approach follows the set guidelines and that it has no side effects. In the process of solving an issue affecting an organization and effecting change in the firm, firms do use various methods. Some approaches include cause effect approach and business process reengineering. Unsuccessful Process Improvement Not all initiatives of change in firms end up being successful. Some processes end up failing. According to Pardo del Val Martà ­nez (n.d. p, 3), the failure of change management process for firms is due to the resistance to change within the organization. He further notes that resistance to change in the firm introduces unanticipated delays and many costs in the process of change that the management must now consider in the entire process. In spite of the resistance to change as a cause of failure to change, it has been hailed as a source of important information that could help an organization transform its business framework. The sources of resistance to change are many and while some show up during early stages of planning, others show up in the later stages of implementing the planned changes. As noted by Boeker (1997, p. 153), early sources of resistance could be due to distorted perception of change and misinterpretation of the change to be introduced. The organization could also fail to look ahead in future. Other causes could be denial to introduced changes, perpetuation of ideas and making of implicit assumptions. Ford, Ford D’amelo (2008, p. 5) note that communication barriers in addition to organizational silence could also casus misunderstanding within an organization thereby leading to resistance to change. There is another source of resistance to change. This is noted by some researchers as lack of motivation for change within the firm especially for employees of the organization. The low motivation could be due to low costs, cannibalization costs, cross subsidy comforts and past failures that hinder progress. Lorenzo (2000) argues that resistance to change could also be caused by different interests between employees and the management of an organization. For instance, employees could be for proposed changes while the management could be against change. Pardo del Val Martà ­nez (n.d. p, 367) posits that the third set of resistance to change causes inadequate creative responses. Lack of creativity in an organization could be caused by complexity of the business environment and fast changes that do not allow for environmental scan, reactive mindset that could result to resignation and inadequate strategic vision for the firm. The implementation phase of change is a vital stage that requires total concentration in an organization. However, there is resistance to change during implementation. The resistance could also be caused by various sources such as a poor imple mentation climate in the organization that is brought about by different organizational values and culture. Others are departmental politics and incommensurable beliefs or disagreements. The last set of causes to resistance to change includes inaction of leadership in firm, routines that are embedded in the firm and collective action problems in the organization. Successful Reengineering Process: Ford Motor Corporation Ford Motor Corporation applied the process analysis and problem solving in the 1980s by examining its employee accounts of about 500 employees. After a careful examination of the accounts payables, it was revealed that the company took much of the time in the department to track down discrepancies between orders that were purchased, shipping receipts and invoices. The realization of the problem led to a rethink of possible solutions and reengineering was the only viable solution. The company took various steps as explained below. The management began by establishing an online database mainly for the purchase orders whereby all orders issued by buyers were recorded in the database. Goods were received at the dock while there was an individual to check in the database. The match of the shipment and what is in the database led to the reception of the goods and vice versa. This eliminated possibilities of any discrepancies between orders that were made and what is received. Once the shipment is received, the database is updated immediately to reflect the change. In addition, a check was generated automatically and issued to the vendor in time. The process improvement applied by Ford Motor Corporation was a success. This is because the head count people in the purchasing department reduced drastically from 500 to 125 employees with efficiency in time management being improved dramatically. According to Piderit (2000, p. 785), the reengineering process as applied at Ford Motor Corporation is a lesson to be emulated by many firms wishing to reenginee r their processes. The changes that the company implemented could not have been achieved without the aid of the modern information technology. The process reengineering reflects old processes that have undergone new wrinkles. Another lesson learnt is that reengineering depends on a large scale on information technology. Planning the reengineering process in advance cannot work since what is experienced in the course of the process changes the reengineering plan. Innovation for Organizational Growth Knowledge is an important aspect in every organization. An organization is made of human resources that end up being of great importance since they are involved in the productivity of the products of the organization. The human resources could either be skilled, semi skilled or non-skilled. Skilled employees comprise of employees that and endowed with specific knowledge in a given field or sector in the firm such as management, information technology and manufacturing among many others. S emi skilled employees do posses little knowledge in specific fields. However, they extent of know how is limited. Lastly, non skilled employees do not posses any form of knowledge or expertise in any field in the organization. Most of non skilled employees are usually employed by firms as casuals or non-permanent staff of the firm. Skilled employees are important in an organization. It is important that an organization derives the best ways to manage its knowledgeable employees in order to motivate them and improve their performance and the performance of the organization. Knowledge is important for an organization because it helps an organization undertake research and development that is highly needed for innovation to take place. According to Hansen Birkinshaw (2007, p. 122), knowledge management should be customized for a given set of tasks within an organization. Innovation and value added in the output of a firm is as a result of application of knowledge in order to improve, change or develop a specific task and activities (McDermott, 1999). Therefore, innovation could be termed as the primary purpose of knowledge in an organization. In spite of its importance, innovation could be a complex idea that involves uncertainty and political activities. It might involve people with different experiences and teamwork or group work that is extended over long periods of time. In addition, it requires combination of different knowledge endowments within an organization in order to produce expected results in the form of new products or services produced by a firm. As noted by Hansen Birkinshaw (2007, p. 125), innovation does not only occur through research and development, but also through mainstream work activities within an organization. Innovation is characterised by invention, diffusion and implementation. Therefore, it more than just coming up with a good idea, but is more of putting the ideas into practical use within the organization. The creation of new k nowledge and ideas is an important aspect of innovation. However, they must be accompanied by bringing the ideas and knowledge into widespread use and applying them to solve issues affecting the organization. There is also product and process innovation that is vital for the success of an organization. Product innovation involves the application of new knowledge to the development of tangible products of an organization. On the contrary, process innovation involves the application of new knowledge and ideas to the establishment of new processes within the firm. All these are innovations that utilize knowledge at different levels (Nemeth 1997, p. 63). Based on the above description of innovation, knowledge and knowledge management should be linked to innovation. The innovation process involves different steps that range from formation of an agenda through establishment of a routine to the manufacture of a new product or process. In every step of innovation, there is an emphasis of di fferent aspects of knowledge and management of knowledge. Therefore, it can be concluded that knowledge cannot be separated from innovation as it necessitates the innovative ability of the firm. The firm should always struggle to motivate and maintain its knowledgeable employees in order to maintain its innovative ability and competitiveness in the market. Conclusion Problems analysis and problems solving in an organization is an important aspect of every organization. The modern business environment is dynamic and full of many challenges that organizations needs to develop different mechanisms of solving their issues. The process of solving a problem involves first identifying the issue affecting the corporation and determining possible ways of solving the issues. Out of the many alternatives, the management could choose one. Process improvement and reengineering is one of the many methods of solving issues affecting the firm. The reengineering process is vital since it helps an or ganization develop new processes and frameworks of the firm. One of the successful reengineering was conducted by Ford Motors in the 1980s in which it introduced new process of recording purchases thereby ending up cutting down its costs dramatically. Reengineering process could be accompanied by knowledge and innovation. List of References Boeker, W 1997, ‘Strategic change: The influence of managerial characteristics and organizational growth’, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 152-170. Brown D Kusiak, J 2007, ‘Problem Analysis Techniques’, IRM Training white paper, IRM Training Pty Ltd. Ford, J, Ford, L D’amelo, A 2008, ‘Resistance to Change: The rest of the Story’, Academy of Management, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 362-377. Hammer, M Champy J 2000, ‘Reengineering the Corporation: A manifesto for business revolution’, https://summaries.com/. Hansen, A Birkinshaw, J 2007, ‘The innovation value chainâ€⠄¢, Harvard Business Review, June 2007, pp. 121-130. Lorenzo, J 2000, ‘Barreras en los procesos de cambio en las organizaciones: studio de un caso’, Paper presented at the X Congreso Nacional de ACEDE, Oviedo (Spain). McDermott, R 1999, ‘Why information technology inspired but cannot deliver knowledge management’, California Management Review, vol. 41, pp. 103-117. Nemeth, C 1997, ‘Managing innovation: When less is more’, California Management Review, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 59-74. Pardo del Val, M Martà ­nez, C n.d., ‘Resistance to change: a literature review and empirical Study’, Universitat de Valà ¨ncia, Spain. Piderit, S 2000, ‘Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: a multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 25 no. 4, pp. 783-794. Revilak, A et al. 2007, Knowledge management and innovation: an analysis of knowledge factors controlled by gove rnments and their impact on patent creation, George Washington University, Washington. This research paper on Process Analysis and Problem Solving was written and submitted by user Nora Ewing to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Sister Carrie

Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie is a simple tale of a young, pretty eighteen year old girl Caroline Meeber also know as Carrie. When Carrie got on the train from Columbia City to Chicago she had only few cheap items in her trunk and her sister’s address on a piece of paper. Being only eighteen she was still "full of the illusions of ignorance and youth"(Dreiser, 7). She was both afraid of the things to come and exited by the countless possibilities offered by one of the largest cities of the late 19th century – Chicago. As soon as Carrie arrives in Chicago various obstacles face her. She has no experience at working outside home, which makes finding any work very difficult. She does not like the simple, and in her view, boring way of life her sister and brother in law live. Being this young and curious woman she yearns for more than what is around her. She has no education, no wealth to fall on and as we read the novel we also discover she has no morals. Even th ough at some point Dreiser claims that Carrie is "the victim of the city’s hypnotic influence"(Dreiser, 79) it becomes clear that in fact she is not a helpless victim by any means – she just simply goes along with anything and anyone who comes along. Tired and disappointed with her early days at a low paying hard work Carrie chooses to leave her sister – the only real family she has in the city – and goes off with a Drouet, a man she just recently met on the train. Carrie knew nothing about Drouet except that he seemed to like her and appeared to have more money than she could ever got her hands on. When she goes off with him there is no conflict within her, no regrets, no second thoughts. As soon as an opportunity to leave her boring life arrived Carrie took it and never looked back. All she cared about was the fact that now she no longer needed to work long hours for little pay. By becoming Drouet’s kept woman she no longer had to worry about get ting comfortabl... Free Essays on Sister Carrie Free Essays on Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie is a simple tale of a young, pretty eighteen year old girl Caroline Meeber also know as Carrie. When Carrie got on the train from Columbia City to Chicago she had only few cheap items in her trunk and her sister’s address on a piece of paper. Being only eighteen she was still "full of the illusions of ignorance and youth"(Dreiser, 7). She was both afraid of the things to come and exited by the countless possibilities offered by one of the largest cities of the late 19th century – Chicago. As soon as Carrie arrives in Chicago various obstacles face her. She has no experience at working outside home, which makes finding any work very difficult. She does not like the simple, and in her view, boring way of life her sister and brother in law live. Being this young and curious woman she yearns for more than what is around her. She has no education, no wealth to fall on and as we read the novel we also discover she has no morals. Even th ough at some point Dreiser claims that Carrie is "the victim of the city’s hypnotic influence"(Dreiser, 79) it becomes clear that in fact she is not a helpless victim by any means – she just simply goes along with anything and anyone who comes along. Tired and disappointed with her early days at a low paying hard work Carrie chooses to leave her sister – the only real family she has in the city – and goes off with a Drouet, a man she just recently met on the train. Carrie knew nothing about Drouet except that he seemed to like her and appeared to have more money than she could ever got her hands on. When she goes off with him there is no conflict within her, no regrets, no second thoughts. As soon as an opportunity to leave her boring life arrived Carrie took it and never looked back. All she cared about was the fact that now she no longer needed to work long hours for little pay. By becoming Drouet’s kept woman she no longer had to worry about get ting comfortabl...

Critically compare and contrast the methods and aims of Husserls epoch Essay

Critically compare and contrast the methods and aims of Husserls epoch with Descartes method of doubt - Essay Example Anything that surpasses this method is considered as certain by Descartes. For him, the universe fails to survive this method at this juncture. Rather, the only thing that seems to survive according to Descartes is a pure individuality of his cogitations. It is mainly for this that he has perceived as a form of unconditionally unquestionable survival (Taylor, 2009). Descartes perceives this as indubitable since in phrases such as â€Å"I think† or â€Å"I doubt† there exists a being that performs the act of thinking or doubting. In this regard, it would be contradictory for one to doubt of their existence since one must first exists in order to doubt. It is through this ego, as well as its guiding tenets that an objective universe can be deduced. In contrast, Husserl queries whether Descartes’ postulations are worth an investigation because they may not augur well with the current time. Indeed, Husserl acknowledges that those sciences that ought to be grounded in absolute certainty by Descartes have accorded little attention to them. It is notable that in the recent times, the sciences have become faced with several obscurities of their very foundation. By regressing back to concepts of pure ego, Descartes had developed a new form of philosophy that tends to strive towards a situation where true self may be demonstrated in a genuine science. According to Husserl, the failure by Descartes to unify philosophy as a science can be discerned in the modern-day philosophies. Rather than a unitary philosophy, there is a philosophical literature that has superseded all boundaries without coherence. One notable difference in Husserl’s epoch is that as a philosophizing ego, he does not regard the world or other objects as existing. Instead, he only accepts them as mere phenomena. Because these objects are not apodictic, he resorts to parenthesizing of putting them aside in order to perceive what can be left.

Answer quesiton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer quesiton - Essay Example By providing a large number of provincial and local executive offices, the mestizos stamped their mark of authority and control over the bicameral form of government in nearly all aspects of the sociological and political history of the Philippines. Further, they consolidated their rights and power by giving administrative rights and powers in the hands of their blood relatives and friends. Their brothers, sisters and other close members were given senior positions in the power blocs, and sons and nephews were vested with junior authority levels. The idea was to ensure total domination of the country in the hands of the mestizos. Thus they avoided democratic forms of sharing power with the elected representatives of the people. The origin of political dynasty rule was enunciated by the earlier Aquinos and Cojuangcos and has since, through the process of descent, passed onto the hands of the present ruler, Corazon Aquino. The absence of democratic process and the rule of dynasties has been one aspect by which the Filipino political scenario differs significantly from that of other South East Asian nations. Yet another aspect is that, unlike other SE Asian nations, which boast of massive bureaucratic style of governing, in Philippines the mestizos are under the administrative control of the Americans, to whom they have pledged support, in return for a bargain to remain in power. There is a minimum number of positions for civil servants and the entire power sharing lies in the hands of the mestizos. There were massive conversions into Christianity and today, nearly 90% of the population is of Christian faith. These conversions were carried out, not through use of the medium of the Spanish language, but by use of a host of other languages. Although Philippines was ruled by the Spaniards for a considerable length of time, Spanish has not become the common language of the local people of the island